{"id":4047,"date":"2026-07-10T17:37:22","date_gmt":"2026-07-10T15:37:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris\/?page_id=4047"},"modified":"2026-07-13T14:54:44","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T12:54:44","slug":"atelier-de-manga-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris\/atelier-de-manga-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Appr\u00e9ciez l&rsquo;art du manga dans les ateliers Terre et Feu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4047\" class=\"elementor elementor-4047\" 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data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4313ca5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4313ca5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64910a2\" data-id=\"64910a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6a4a62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d6a4a62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/elementor\/thumbs\/20131221_163220_2-scaled-e1783696926868-rq7hj22hj1g1s06bmbu7xcc4xt3ahg07mnety03qmw.jpg\" title=\"20131221_163220_2\" alt=\"20131221_163220_2\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-707f264 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"707f264\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a163ab\" data-id=\"4a163ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36c21e1\" data-id=\"36c21e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e6aa67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e6aa67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L'art du manga : histoire, m\u00e9tier et discipline d'un art universel<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c158c1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c158c1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le manga, art exigeant, est une discipline rigoureuse et un m\u00e9tier passionnant, mais souvent m\u00e9connu, que vous pouvez d\u00e9couvrir dans <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris\/cours-bd-paris\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">les cours de manga Adultes et Adolescents<\/a><\/span> des Ateliers Terre et Feu<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Bien plus qu\u2019un simple divertissement, il est aujourd\u2019hui un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne culturel mondial, notamment en France, pays le plus consommateur de manga apr\u00e8s le Japon ! Des rouleaux <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: italic;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">emaki<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">du XIIe si\u00e8cle aux webtoons du XXIe, il a su \u00e9voluer tout en conservant son ADN unique : un m\u00e9lange de narration visuelle puissante et de cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 sans limites. L\u2019apprentissage du manga <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #222222;background-color: #ffffff;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">devient un outil pour structurer sa pens\u00e9e, d\u00e9velopper sa cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et prendre confiance en soi. <\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #222222;background-color: #ffffff;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Choisissez d\u00e8s \u00e0 pr\u00e9sents votre cours de Manga dans l&rsquo;un de nos ateliers \u00e0 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris-3\/bd-manga\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paris R\u00e9publique<\/a><\/span>, Paris Al\u00e9sia, Paris Villiers ou <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/maisons-laffitte\/cours-de-bdmanga\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maisons-Laffitte<\/a><\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94c08b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"94c08b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Histoire du manga : des origines \u00e0 la r\u00e9volution mondiale<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf7430 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf7430\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"white-space: normal;font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les racines anciennes : l\u2019art narratif japonais<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfc795b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bfc795b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Longtemps avant que le terme <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: italic;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">\u00ab manga \u00bb<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> ne devienne synonyme de bandes dessin\u00e9es japonaises, le Japon d\u00e9veloppe d\u00e9j\u00e0 une tradition riche en r\u00e9cits illustr\u00e9s. D\u00e8s le XIIe si\u00e8cle, les <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: italic;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">rouleaux emaki<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> \u2013 comme le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ch%C5%8Dj%C5%AB-giga#\/media\/Fichier:Chouju_sumo2.jpg\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: italic;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Ch\u014dj\u016b-giga<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: italic;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les Rouleaux des animaux familiers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">) \u2013 m\u00ealent texte et image pour raconter des histoires, souvent humoristiques ou morales. Ces \u0153uvres, destin\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019aristocratie, posent les bases d\u2019un art narratif o\u00f9 le visuel et le texte se compl\u00e8tent harmonieusement.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Au XVIIe si\u00e8cle, avec l\u2019essor de l\u2019<\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukiyo-e#\/media\/Fichier:Kitagawa_Utamaro_-_Toji_san_bijin_(Three_Beauties_of_the_Present_Day)From_Bijin-ga_(Pictures_of_Beautiful_Women),_published_by_Tsutaya_Juzaburo_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">estampe <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: italic;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">ukiyo-e<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">, une nouvelle forme de narration visuelle \u00e9merge. Les artistes comme Katsushika Hokusai \u2013 dont le terme <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: italic;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">\u00ab manga \u00bb<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> (litt\u00e9ralement <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: italic;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">\u00ab images d\u00e9risoires \u00bb<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">) est tir\u00e9 d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de croquis \u2013 capturent des sc\u00e8nes de la vie quotidienne, des paysages et des l\u00e9gendes avec un r\u00e9alisme et une expressivit\u00e9 qui influenceront plus tard le manga moderne. Ces estampes, destin\u00e9es \u00e0 un public plus large, montrent d\u00e9j\u00e0 l\u2019importance de l\u2019\u00e9motion et du mouvement dans l\u2019art japonais.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74eaae9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74eaae9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-167aa334-7fff-b86b-4a91-9997d1b13c15\" style=\"white-space: normal\"><span dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 14pt;margin-bottom: 4pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">L\u2019influence occidentale et la naissance du manga moderne<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-165c314 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"165c314\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%88re_Meiji\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">La p\u00e9riode Meiji <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">(1868\u20131912), marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019ouverture du Japon \u00e0 l\u2019Occident, apporte un souffle nouveau \u00e0 l\u2019art japonais. Les techniques de perspective et d\u2019ombrage occidentales sont adopt\u00e9es, et les artistes commencent \u00e0 exp\u00e9rimenter avec des formats plus accessibles. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rakuten_Kitazawa\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Rakuten Kitazawa<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">, souvent consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le p\u00e8re du manga moderne, utilise le terme \u00ab manga \u00bb pour ses dessins satiriques publi\u00e9s dans des magazines au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle. Ses \u0153uvres, inspir\u00e9es par les caricatures occidentales, marquent le d\u00e9but d\u2019une presse illustr\u00e9e japonaise dynamique.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Dans les ann\u00e9es 1920\u20131940, les revues pour enfants, comme <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kodomo_no_kuni_(children%27s_magazine)#\/media\/File:Kodomo_no_kuni,_children&apos;s_magazine,_cover_Feb._1923,_vol._2_no._2,_art_by_Yumeji_Takehisa.jpg\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Kodomo no Kuni<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">, popularisent les r\u00e9cits illustr\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s des jeunes lecteurs. Mais c\u2019est avec <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osamu_Tezuka\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Osamu Tezuka<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> que le manga prend v\u00e9ritablement son essor. Inspir\u00e9 par les dessins anim\u00e9s de Disney et le cin\u00e9ma occidental, Tezuka introduit des techniques cin\u00e9matographiques dans ses \u0153uvres : cadrages dynamiques, mouvements fluides, et des expressions faciales exag\u00e9r\u00e9es pour transmettre les \u00e9motions. Son style, r\u00e9volutionnaire, pose les bases du manga d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4a29bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4a29bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"white-space: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">L\u2019\u00e2ge d\u2019or : les ann\u00e9es 1950\u20131960<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb39305 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb39305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les ann\u00e9es 1950 marquent un tournant d\u00e9cisif avec la publication d\u2019<\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astro,_le_petit_robot\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Astro Boy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> (Tetsuwan Atom) en 1952. Ce manga, cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Tezuka, est le premier \u00e0 conna\u00eetre un succ\u00e8s national et \u00e0 \u00eatre adapt\u00e9 en anim\u00e9. Il introduit le concept de \u00ab story manga \u00bb, des r\u00e9cits longs et complexes qui captivent les lecteurs semaine apr\u00e8s semaine (faisant \u00e9cho aux feuilletons des journaux fran\u00e7ais du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Cette p\u00e9riode voit aussi l\u2019\u00e9mergence de genres distincts :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sh%C5%8Dnen\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">sh\u014dnen<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">, destin\u00e9 aux jeunes gar\u00e7ons, avec des histoires d\u2019aventure et d\u2019amiti\u00e9<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sh%C5%8Djo#:~:text=Le%20mot%20japonais%20sh%C5%8Djo%20peut,rarement%20par%20le%20terme%20sh%C5%8Djo.\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">sh\u014djo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">, pour les jeunes filles, avec des r\u00e9cits centr\u00e9s sur les \u00e9motions et les relations<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les innovations techniques se multiplient : l\u2019utilisation de trames pour cr\u00e9er des ombres et des textures, et le d\u00e9veloppement de visages expressifs pour renforcer l\u2019impact \u00e9motionnel des sc\u00e8nes.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3bbf2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f3bbf2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-06664c0a-7fff-4576-69bd-2876ef5ec10e\" style=\"white-space: normal\"><span dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 14pt;margin-bottom: 4pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">L\u2019explosion des ann\u00e9es 1980\u20131990 : succ\u00e8s international<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00b4fd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00b4fd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les ann\u00e9es 1980 sont marqu\u00e9es par une diversification radicale des th\u00e8mes et des publics de l\u2019art du manga. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katsuhiro_%C5%8Ctomo\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Katsuhiro Otomo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> publie <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Akira_(manga)\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Akira<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> en 1982, un manga de science-fiction cyberpunk qui marque un tournant en s\u2019adressant \u00e0 un public adulte. Son succ\u00e8s international prouve que le manga peut d\u00e9passer les fronti\u00e8res du Japon et s\u00e9duire un lectorat mondial.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">En 1984, <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Akira_Toriyama\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Akira Toriyama<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> lance <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon_Ball\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Dragon Ball<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">, qui devient un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne plan\u00e9taire et popularise le sh\u014dnen \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale. Les ann\u00e9es 1990 voient l\u2019\u00e9mergence de genres vari\u00e9s :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le cyberpunk avec <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghost_in_the_Shell\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Ghost in the Shell (Masamune Shirow)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le magical girl avec <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailor_Moon\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Sailor Moon (Naoko Takeuchi)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le dark fantasy avec <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berserk_(manga)\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Berserk (Kentaro Miura)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le manga commence aussi \u00e0 \u00eatre reconnu comme une forme d\u2019art \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re, avec les premi\u00e8res expositions d\u00e9di\u00e9es, comme celle organis\u00e9e au Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Art Contemporain de Tokyo en 1995. En France et en Europe, les anciennes g\u00e9n\u00e9rations voient d\u2019un assez mauvais oeil cette nouvelle esth\u00e9tique, qu\u2019elles jugent laides et violentes. Pourtant, la culture du manga touche et influence une immense partie de celles et ceux qui grandissent dans les ann\u00e9es 90.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc7801 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5cc7801\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-37fe98af-7fff-1dd3-21ff-52faf4ede869\" style=\"white-space: normal\"><span dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 14pt;margin-bottom: 4pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le manga aujourd\u2019hui : un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne global<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c772dd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c772dd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Aujourd\u2019hui, le manga est un pilier de l\u2019industrie culturelle japonaise et un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne mondial. Quelques chiffres cl\u00e9s :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">40 % des livres vendus au Japon sont des mangas.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le march\u00e9 mondial du manga p\u00e8se plus de 10 milliards de dollars (2023).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">La France est le 2e march\u00e9 mondial du manga (derri\u00e8re le Japon), avec 25 % des ventes de bandes dessin\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les nouveaux supports ont \u00e9galement transform\u00e9 la consommation :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les webtoons et les mangas num\u00e9riques (comme ceux publi\u00e9s sur Shonen Jump+) permettent une diffusion instantan\u00e9e et mondiale.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les adaptations en anime, films et jeux vid\u00e9o (comme <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demon_Slayer\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Demon Slayer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> ou <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L&apos;Attaque_des_Titans\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Attack on Titan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">) \u00e9tendent encore l\u2019influence du manga.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">La reconnaissance culturelle est d\u00e9sormais ind\u00e9niable :<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\">\u00a0<\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/One_Piece\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">One Piece (Eiichir\u014d Oda)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> d\u00e9tient le record mondial de ventes pour une s\u00e9rie de BD, avec plus de 500 millions d\u2019exemplaires \u00e9coul\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Des mus\u00e9es lui sont d\u00e9di\u00e9s, comme le <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/kyotomm.jp\/\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Mus\u00e9e du Manga \u00e0 Kyoto<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;white-space: pre-wrap\">Des expositions temporaires ont lieu dans les plus grands mus\u00e9es du monde, comme \u201cManga !\u201d au Louvre en 2021\u20132022.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a465710 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a465710\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le m\u00e9tier de mangaka : entre passion et difficult\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ded8607 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ded8607\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-ba097f9c-7fff-c15b-92a1-88f7c4a0e8ff\" style=\"white-space: normal\"><span dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 14pt;margin-bottom: 4pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Devenir mangaka : formation et d\u00e9buts<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1368a35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1368a35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le m\u00e9tier de mangaka professionnel est encore m\u00e9connu en France et dans le monde. Sem\u00e9 d\u2019emb\u00fbche et souvent pr\u00e9caire, le parcours d\u2019un ou une mangaka peut emprunter diff\u00e9rentes voies. On trouve ainsi des autodidactes qui apprennent en copiant leurs auteurs pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s, comme Akira Toriyama (Dragon Ball) qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 son propre style apr\u00e8s avoir dessin\u00e9 des parodies d\u2019Astro Boy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Sinon, des \u00e9coles sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es proposent aujourd\u2019hui des formations d\u00e9di\u00e9es au manga, telle que la Tokyo University of the Arts ou la Kyoto Seika University (qui a ouvert le premier d\u00e9partement de manga en 2000) au Japon, mais aussi l\u2019\u00c9cole des Gobelin \u00e0 Paris et l\u2019\u00e9cole \u00c9mile Cohl \u00e0 Lyon qui proposent des formations en Bande Dessin\u00e9e avec un focus sur les techniques japonaises.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Une voie privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e pour devenir mangaka consiste tout simplement \u00e0 se former aupr\u00e8s d\u2019un ma\u00eetre (comme dans les ateliers de peinture de la Renaissance !), en devenant assistant. Cette voie permet non seulement d\u2019observer et d\u2019apprendre au plus pr\u00eat des meilleurs, mais aussi d\u2019int\u00e9grer directement un petit monde restreint et secret. Eiichir\u014d Oda (One Piece) a ainsi commenc\u00e9 comme assistant sur Rurouni Kenshin de<\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobuhiro_Watsuki\"> <span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: underline;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Nobuhiro Watsuki<\/span> <\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">avant de lancer sa propre s\u00e9rie.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Pour se faire remarquer, les aspirants mangakas peuvent participer \u00e0 des concours prestigieux, comme le<\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prix_Tezuka\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #1155cc;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> Prix Tezuka<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> (organis\u00e9 par Shueisha) ou le Prix Akatsuka (pour les mangas comiques).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f6be90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f6be90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-f6c13d0a-7fff-bf9a-6bb4-f5fd877140af\" style=\"white-space: normal\"><span dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 14pt;margin-bottom: 4pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le processus de cr\u00e9ation : du sc\u00e9nario \u00e0 la publication<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac7d667 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac7d667\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Cr\u00e9er un manga est un travail tr\u00e8s cons\u00e9quent qui suit des \u00e9tapes bien pr\u00e9cises :<\/span><\/p><ol style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">L\u2019id\u00e9e et le sc\u00e9nario (name) : Le mangaka d\u00e9veloppe l\u2019histoire, les personnages et l\u2019univers. Cette phase peut prendre des mois, voire des ann\u00e9es. Certains auteurs, comme Naoko Takeuchi (Sailor Moon), s\u2019inspirent de leur vie personnelle ou de mythologies pour cr\u00e9er leurs r\u00e9cits.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le storyboard (nemu) : Esquisse des planches, r\u00e9partition des cases, et placement des dialogues. C\u2019est une \u00e9tape cruciale pour rythmer l\u2019histoire et guider le regard du lecteur.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le dessin au crayon (gengga) : Croquis des personnages et des d\u00e9cors. Les mangakas utilisent souvent des mod\u00e8les 3D ou des photos de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les poses complexes.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">L\u2019encrage (pen) : Trac\u00e9 d\u00e9finitif \u00e0 l\u2019encre, avec des plumes sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es comme le G-Pen (pour les traits fins) ou le Maru-Pen (pour les traits \u00e9pais).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">L\u2019ajout des trames (screentone) : Utilisation de feuilles adh\u00e9sives ou de logiciels pour cr\u00e9er des ombres et des textures. Cette technique, invent\u00e9e dans les ann\u00e9es 1960, donne au manga son style caract\u00e9ristique.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le lettrage et les effets sonores (SFX) : Ajout des dialogues et des onomatop\u00e9es (comme GAN! pour un coup de poing ou DOKI DOKI pour un c\u0153ur qui bat), qui sont une signature du manga.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">La colorisation (pour les couvertures ou les versions num\u00e9riques) : Bien que la plupart des mangas soient en noir et blanc, les couvertures et certaines \u00e9ditions sp\u00e9ciales sont en couleur.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les outils<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> varient selon les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences du mangaka :<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\">\u00a0<\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Traditionnels<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> : crayons (Pentel GraphGear), plumes (G-Pen), encre (De Atramentis), papier lisse (Kent Paper).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Num\u00e9riques<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #000000;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> : tablettes graphiques (Wacom Cintiq, Huion), logiciels (Clip Studio Paint \u2013 le plus utilis\u00e9 au Japon \u2013, Photoshop).<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4463ad6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4463ad6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La discipline du manga : techniques, styles et enseignement<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf36d4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf36d4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e504ac62-7fff-51db-b0ee-7c971b505206\" style=\"white-space: normal\"><span dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 14pt;margin-bottom: 4pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les techniques sp\u00e9cifiques du manga<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e36e62b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e36e62b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">L\u2019art du manga se distingue par des techniques particuli\u00e8res et un savoir-faire singulier :\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none\"><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Cadrage et composition<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Cases dynamiques : les mangakas utilisent des formes vari\u00e9es (cercles, \u00e9toiles, cases bris\u00e9es) pour guider le regard du lecteur et cr\u00e9er un rythme visuel.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Lecture de droite \u00e0 gauche : h\u00e9ritage de l\u2019\u00e9criture japonaise, cette particularit\u00e9 donne au manga une identit\u00e9 forte.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Effets de mouvement : les lignes de vitesse (speed lines) et les flous cr\u00e9ent une impression de mouvement, comme dans les sc\u00e8nes de combat de Dragon Ball.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Expressions et \u00e9motions<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Visages exag\u00e9r\u00e9s : les mangakas utilisent des yeux surdimensionn\u00e9s, des gouttes de sueur et des veines saillantes pour exprimer des \u00e9motions intenses (col\u00e8re, joie, stress).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Symboles visuels : une \u00e9toile au-dessus de la t\u00eate pour un \u00e9tourdissement, une veine gonfl\u00e9e sur le front pour la col\u00e8re, ou des lignes en forme de croix pour un choc.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Trames et textures<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les feuilles adh\u00e9sives (screentones) permettent de cr\u00e9er des ombres et des textures sans avoir \u00e0 tout dessiner \u00e0 la main. Aujourd\u2019hui, ces trames sont souvent ajout\u00e9es num\u00e9riquement avec des logiciels comme Clip Studio Paint.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Effets sonores<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les onomatop\u00e9es (SFX) sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9es directement dans le dessin. Par exemple, DOKI DOKI pour un c\u0153ur qui bat la chamade, GAN! pour un coup de poing, ou PIKA! pour un \u00e9clair.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b30ac9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b30ac9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-90acda4e-7fff-1175-262b-af6ac626d8b5\" style=\"white-space: normal\"><span dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 14pt;margin-bottom: 4pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les genres et styles du manga<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05377d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05377d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none\"><br \/><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le manga se d\u00e9cline en une multitude de genres et de styles, chacun avec ses codes et son public :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Par d\u00e9mographie<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> (public cible) :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Sh\u014dnen : pour les gar\u00e7ons de 12 \u00e0 18 ans. Exemples : Dragon Ball (Akira Toriyama), Naruto (Masashi Kishimoto), My Hero Academia (K\u014dhei Horikoshi).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Sh\u014djo : pour les filles de 12 \u00e0 18 ans. Exemples : Sailor Moon (Naoko Takeuchi), Fruits Basket (Natsuki Takaya).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Seinen : pour les hommes adultes (18+). Exemples : Berserk (Kentaro Miura), Vagabond (Takehiko Inoue).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Josei : pour les femmes adultes (18+). Exemples : Nodame Cantabile (Tomoko Ninomiya), Paradise Kiss(Ai Yazawa).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Kodomo : pour les enfants. Exemples : Doraemon (Fujiko F. Fujio), Pok\u00e9mon (Hidenori Kusaka).<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Par th\u00e8me<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Action\/Aventure : combats, qu\u00eates \u00e9piques (One Piece, Attack on Titan).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Romance : histoires d\u2019amour, souvent avec des tensions \u00e9motionnelles (Love Story, Horimiya).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Horreur : Junji Ito est le ma\u00eetre du genre avec des \u0153uvres comme Uzumaki ou Tomie.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Science-fiction : Akira (Katsuhiro Otomo), Ghost in the Shell (Masamune Shirow).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Slice of Life : vie quotidienne, souvent avec une touche d\u2019humour ou de m\u00e9lancolie (Yotsuba&amp;!, Barakamon).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Isekai : des personnages transport\u00e9s dans un monde parall\u00e8le (Re:Zero, Sword Art Online).<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Styles graphiques<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">R\u00e9aliste : dessins d\u00e9taill\u00e9s et proportionn\u00e9s (Berserk, Vagabond).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Chibi : personnages miniatures et mignons, souvent utilis\u00e9s pour des sc\u00e8nes comiques (Chi\u2019s Sweet Home).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">SD (Super Deformed) : personnages d\u00e9form\u00e9s (grosse t\u00eate, petit corps) pour un effet humoristique.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1156d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1156d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-56800956-7fff-de14-4815-64ca73102a62\" style=\"white-space: normal\"><span dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 14pt;margin-bottom: 4pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Outils du mangaka : du traditionnel au num\u00e9rique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d263971 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d263971\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none\"><br \/><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none\"><br \/><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les outils du mangaka ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 avec le temps, mais certains restent ind\u00e9tr\u00f4nables :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Mat\u00e9riel traditionnel<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Crayons : Pentel GraphGear (pr\u00e9cision), Faber-Castell (qualit\u00e9).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Plumes :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">G-Pen : pour les traits fins et pr\u00e9cis.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Maru-Pen : pour les traits \u00e9pais et expressifs.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Encre : De Atramentis (noire et r\u00e9sistante), Higgins (pour les effets sp\u00e9ciaux).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Papier : Kent Paper (lisse et adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019encrage).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Trames : feuilles adh\u00e9sives Chartpak ou Tone Film pour les ombres et textures.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Mat\u00e9riel num\u00e9rique<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Tablettes graphiques<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Wacom Cintiq (la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les professionnels).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Huion (alternative plus abordable).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">iPad Pro + Apple Pencil (de plus en plus utilis\u00e9 pour sa portabilit\u00e9).<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Logiciels<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Clip Studio Paint : le plus populaire au Japon, sp\u00e9cialement con\u00e7u pour le manga.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Photoshop : pour le colorisage et les retouches.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Krita : gratuit et open-source, id\u00e9al pour les d\u00e9butants.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Medibang Paint : gratuit et l\u00e9ger, souvent utilis\u00e9 pour les croquis.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Avantages du num\u00e9rique<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Correction facile des erreurs.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">R\u00e9utilisation des d\u00e9cors et personnages (gain de temps).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Ajout rapide des trames et effets.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bb8154 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6bb8154\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-a053a9b2-7fff-ca25-0d2b-544145b06eb5\" style=\"white-space: normal\"><span dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 14pt;margin-bottom: 4pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le manga comme discipline artistique reconnue<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7475fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7475fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 11pt;white-space: pre-wrap\">Aujourd\u2019hui, le manga est reconnu comme une discipline artistique \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re :<\/span><\/p><div><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Reconnaissance institutionnelle<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Expositions<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Manga ! au Mus\u00e9e du Louvre (2021\u20132022) : premi\u00e8re grande exposition d\u00e9di\u00e9e au manga en Europe.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Mus\u00e9e du Manga \u00e0 Kyoto : enti\u00e8rement consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019histoire et aux techniques du manga.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Prix et distinctions<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Prix Tezuka (Japon) : r\u00e9compense les jeunes talents.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Prix Eisner (\u00c9tats-Unis) : cat\u00e9gorie \u00ab Meilleure \u00e9dition am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019une \u0153uvre internationale \u00bb.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: square;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Prix du manga au Festival d\u2019Angoul\u00eame (France).<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Influence sur d\u2019autres arts<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Cin\u00e9ma : adaptations en films (Ghost in the Shell, Akira).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Jeux vid\u00e9o : collaborations avec des studios (Final Fantasy, Persona, Nier).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Mode : collaborations avec des marques (Uniqlo x Jump, Louis Vuitton x Yayoi Kusama).<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-weight: bold;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Recherche acad\u00e9mique<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> :<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding-inline-start: 48px\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Cours universitaires : des universit\u00e9s comme la Sorbonne (France) ou Columbia (\u00c9tats-Unis) proposent des cours sur le manga.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: circle;font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;white-space: pre\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Th\u00e8ses et essais : analyse du manga comme art narratif et ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne culturel.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-690f8fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"690f8fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"white-space: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 17pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le manga, un art universel<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0e509b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0e509b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Du <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-style: italic;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Ch\u014dj\u016b-giga<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\"> du XIIe si\u00e8cle aux webtoons du XXIe, le manga a su traverser les \u00e9poques tout en conservant son ADN unique : un m\u00e9lange de narration visuelle puissante, de cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 sans limites et d\u2019une connexion profonde avec ses lecteurs. Ce qui \u00e9tait \u00e0 l\u2019origine un simple art narratif japonais est devenu un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne mondial, capable de toucher des millions de personnes \u00e0 travers le monde.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Le m\u00e9tier de mangaka, bien que exigeant et souvent pr\u00e9caire, reste passionnant et attractif. Derri\u00e8re chaque page se cache un travail acharn\u00e9, une ma\u00eetrise technique et une vision artistique unique. Et si les d\u00e9fis sont nombreux, la reconnaissance croissante du manga comme art \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re donne espoir \u00e0 une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019artistes.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Aujourd\u2019hui, avec la mondialisation et le num\u00e9rique, le manga continue de se r\u00e9inventer. Les webtoons, les adaptations en anime et les collaborations internationales montrent que son pouvoir de storytelling et son style visuel sont ind\u00e9niablement universels.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-259f680 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"259f680\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"white-space: normal\"><span style=\"font-size: 17pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;font-weight: 700;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Les cours de manga aux Ateliers Terre &amp; Feu<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30c7f85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30c7f85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #222222;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">Pens\u00e9 pour les adolescents comme pour les adultes, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris-3\/bd-manga\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">le cours de manga aux Ateliers Terre et Feu<\/a><\/span> aborde le manga comme bien plus qu\u2019un apprentissage du dessin : c\u2019est un espace de cr\u00e9ation o\u00f9 chacun, pendant trois heures par semaine, apprend \u00e0 exprimer ses id\u00e9es, ses \u00e9motions et sa vision du monde. \u00c9crire une histoire, c\u2019est donner une voix \u00e0 son imaginaire ; dessiner, c\u2019est lui donner vie.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38;margin-top: 12pt;margin-bottom: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;color: #222222;background-color: transparent;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;text-decoration: none;vertical-align: baseline;white-space: pre-wrap\">\u00c0 travers le sc\u00e9nario, le storyboard, la composition, le dessin et l\u2019encrage, les participants sont accompagn\u00e9s pas \u00e0 pas dans la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un r\u00e9cit qui leur ressemble. L\u2019approche de la professeur, mangaka professionnelle, se veut presque ontologique : le manga devient un outil pour structurer sa pens\u00e9e, d\u00e9velopper sa cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et prendre confiance en soi.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf830a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"bf830a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"container\" data-elementor-id=\"2300\" class=\"elementor elementor-2300\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0caa54f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0caa54f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ef6463 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ef6463\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1178feb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1178feb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc50eaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc50eaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cours-body\"><p>Le choix d\u2019une formation et du professeur est tr\u00e8s important. En tenant compte de vos souhaits et de vos disponibilit\u00e9s, nous vous guiderons dans votre choix.<br \/><strong>Il ne reste que quelques places disponibles, inscrivez-vous rapidement !\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Contact :<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<a class=\"btn_header_call\" style=\"color: #fcac23;\" href=\"tel:0145771010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">01 45 77 10 10<\/a><\/strong><br \/>ou<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2e2e58 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d2e2e58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dpopup%3Aopen%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6IjIyMTEiLCJ0b2dnbGUiOmZhbHNlfQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">DEMANDE DE CONTACT<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2761248 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2761248\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e2c66fd\" data-id=\"e2c66fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5265e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5265e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-83a09af\" data-id=\"83a09af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc98520 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc98520\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Notre atelier de Manga, \u00e0 Paris pour mieux r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 vos attentes\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d2ebf8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d2ebf8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b4d0b3b\" data-id=\"b4d0b3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a137378 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a137378\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris-3\/\" target=\"_blank\">ATELIER<br>Paris 3e R\u00e9publique<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a66d65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3a66d65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris-3\/bd-manga\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Cours de Manga<\/strong><br>\n\u00e0 Paris 3e R\u00e9publique<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a74a01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5a74a01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Programme Junior<\/strong><br>\n\u00e0 Paris 3e R\u00e9publique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-249895f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"249895f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris-3\/peinture-dessin-illustration-bd-mangas-enfants\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Cours pour adolescents<br \/>Manga<\/strong><br>\n\u00e0 Paris 3e R\u00e9publique<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b2f624\" data-id=\"7b2f624\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f164a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0f164a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris-14\/\" target=\"_blank\">ATELIER<br>Paris 14e Al\u00e9sia<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e390b92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e390b92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris-14\/illustration-bd-manga\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Cours de Manga<\/strong><br>\n\u00e0 Paris 14e Al\u00e9sia<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dad9e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0dad9e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Programme Junior<\/strong><br>\n\u00e0 Paris 14e Al\u00e9sia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a77ea37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a77ea37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris-14\/bd-et-mangas-enfants\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Cours pour adolescents<br \/>Manga<\/strong><br>\n\u00e0 Paris 14e Al\u00e9sia<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b7c5cd7\" data-id=\"b7c5cd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3002e45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3002e45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris-17\/\" target=\"_blank\">ATELIER<br>Paris 17e Villiers<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fccc1ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fccc1ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Programme Junior<\/strong><br>\n\u00e0 Paris 17e Villiers<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd64ccc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd64ccc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terre-et-feu.com\/paris-17\/bd-et-mangas-enfants\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Cours pour adolescents<br \/>Manga<\/strong><br>\n\u00e0 Paris 17e Villiers<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;art du manga : histoire, m\u00e9tier et discipline d&rsquo;un art universel Le manga, art exigeant, est une discipline rigoureuse et un m\u00e9tier passionnant, mais souvent m\u00e9connu, que vous pouvez d\u00e9couvrir dans les cours de manga Adultes et Adolescents des Ateliers Terre et Feu Bien plus qu\u2019un simple divertissement, il est aujourd\u2019hui un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne culturel mondial, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4047","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L&#039;art du manga : histoire, m\u00e9tier et discipline d&#039;un art universel Le manga, art exigeant, est une discipline rigoureuse et un m\u00e9tier passionnant, mais souvent m\u00e9connu, que vous pouvez d\u00e9couvrir dans les cours de manga Adultes et Adolescents des Ateliers Terre et FeuBien plus qu\u2019un simple divertissement, il est aujourd\u2019hui un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne culturel mondial, notamment\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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